外商投资建筑业企业管理规定(附英文)
建设部 对外贸易经济合作部
中华人民共和国建设部
中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部
令
第113号
《外商投资建筑业企业管理规定》已经2002年9月9日建设部第63次常务会议和2002年9月17日对外贸易经济合作部第10次部长办公会议审议通过，现予发布，自2002年12月1日起施行。
建设部部长 汪光焘
对外贸易经济合作部部长 石广生
二○○二年九月二十七日
外商投资建筑业企业管理规定
第一章 总 则
第一条 为进一步扩大对外开放,规范对外商投资建筑业企业的管理,根据《中华人民共和国建筑法》、《中华人民共和国招标投标法》、《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、《建设工程质量管理条例》等法律、行政法规,制定本规定。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建筑业企业,申请建筑业企业资质,实施对外商投资建筑业企业监督管理,适用本规定。
本规定所称外商投资建筑业企业,是指根据中国法律、法规的规定,在中华人民共和国境内投资设立的外资建筑业企业、中外合资经营建筑业企业以及中外合作经营建筑业企业。
第三条 外国投资者在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建筑业企业,并从事建筑活动,应当依法取得对外贸易经济行政主管部门颁发的外商投资企业批准证书,在国家工商行政管理总局或者其授权的地方工商行政管理局注册登记,并取得建设行政主管部门颁发的建筑业企业资质证书。
第四条 外商投资建筑业企业在中华人民共和国境内从事建筑活动,应当遵守中国的法律、法规、规章。
外商投资建筑业企业在中华人民共和国境内的合法经营活动及合法权益受中国法律、法规、规章的保护。
第五条 国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门负责外商投资建筑业企业设立的管理工作；国务院建设行政主管部门负责外商投资建筑业企业资质的管理工作。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在授权范围内负责外商投资建筑业企业设立的管理工作；省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门按照本规定负责本行政区域内的外商投资建筑业企业资质的管理工作。
第二章 企业设立与资质的申请和审批
第六条 外商投资建筑业企业设立与资质的申请和审批,实行分级、分类管理。
申请设立施工总承包序列特级和一级、专业承包序列一级资质外商投资建筑业企业的,其设立由国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由国务院建设行政主管部门审批；申请设立施工总承包序列和专业承包序列二级及二级以下、劳务分包序列资质的,其设立由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批。
中外合资经营建筑业企业、中外合作经营建筑业企业的中方投资者为中央管理企业的,其设立由国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由国务院建设行政主管部门审批。
第七条 设立外商投资建筑业企业,申请施工总承包序列特级和一级、专业承包序列一级资质的程序：
(一)申请者向拟设立企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门提出设立申请。
(二)省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在受理申请之日起30日内完成初审,初审同意后,报国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门。
(三)国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到初审材料之日起10日内将申请材料送国务院建设行政主管部门征求意见。国务院建设行政主管部门在收到征求意见函之日起30日内提出意见。国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到国务院建设行政主管部门书面意见之日起30日内作出批准或者不批准的书面决定。予以批准的,发给外商投资企业批准证书;不予批准的,书面说明理由。
(四)取得外商投资企业批准证书的,应当在30日内到登记主管机关办理企业登记注册。
(五)取得企业法人营业执照后,申请建筑业企业资质的,按照建筑业企业资质管理规定办理。
第八条 设立外商投资建筑业企业,申请施工总承包序列和专业承包序列二级及二级以下、劳务分包序列资质的程序,由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门和对外贸易经济行政主管部门,结合本地区实际情况,参照本规定第七条以及建筑业企业资质管理规定执行。
省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批的外商投资建筑业企业资质,应当在批准之日起30日内报国务院建设行政主管部门备案。
第九条 外商投资建筑业企业申请晋升资质等级或者增加主项以外资质的,应当依照有关规定到建设行政主管部门办理相关手续。
第十条 申请设立外商投资建筑业企业应当向对外贸易经济行政主管部门提交下列资料：
(一)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建筑业企业设立申请书；
(二)投资方编制或者认可的可行性研究报告；
(三)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建筑业企业合同和章程(其中,设立外资建筑业企业的只需提供章程)；
(四)企业名称预先核准通知书；
(五)投资方法人登记注册证明、投资方银行资信证明；
(六)投资方拟派出的董事长、董事会成员、经理、工程技术负责人等任职文件及证明文件；
(七)经注册会计师或者会计事务所审计的投资方最近三年的资产负债表和损益表。
第十一条 申请外商投资建筑业企业资质应当向建设行政主管部门提交下列资料：
(一)外商投资建筑业企业资质申请表；
(二)外商投资企业批准证书；
(三)企业法人营业执照；
(四)投资方的银行资信证明；
(五)投资方拟派出的董事长、董事会成员、企业财务负责人、经营负责人、工程技术负责人等任职文件及证明文件；
(六)经注册会计师或者会计师事务所审计的投资方最近三年的资产负债表和损益表；
(七)建筑业企业资质管理规定要求提交的资料。
第十二条 中外合资经营建筑业企业、中外合作经营建筑业企业中方合营者的出资总额不得低于注册资本的25%。
第十三条 本规定实施前,已经设立的中外合资经营建筑业企业、中外合作经营建筑业企业,应当按照本规定和建筑业企业资质管理规定重新核定资质等级。
第十四条 本规定中要求申请者提交的资料应当使用中文,证明文件原件是外文的,应当提供中文译本。
第三章 工程承包范围
第十五条 外资建筑业企业只允许在其资质等级许可的范围内承包下列工程：
(一)全部由外国投资、外国赠款、外国投资及赠款建设的工程；
(二)由国际金融机构资助并通过根据贷款条款进行的国际招标授予的建设项目；
(三)外资等于或者超过50%的中外联合建设项目；及外资少于50%,但因技术困难而不能由中国建筑企业独立实施,经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门批准的中外联合建设项目；
(四)由中国投资,但因技术困难而不能由中国建筑企业独立实施的建设项目,经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门批准,可以由中外建筑企业联合承揽。
第十六条 中外合资经营建筑业企业、中外合作经营建筑业企业应当在其资质等级许可的范围内承包工程。
第四章 监督管理
第十七条 外商投资建筑业企业的资质等级标准执行国务院建设行政主管部门颁发的建筑业企业资质等级标准。
第十八条 承揽施工总承包工程的外商投资建筑业企业,建筑工程主体结构的施工必须由其自行完成。
第十九条 外商投资建筑业企业与其他建筑业企业联合承包,应当按照资质等级低的企业的业务许可范围承包工程。
第二十条 外资建筑业企业违反本规定第十五条,超越资质许可的业务范围承包工程的,处工程合同价款2%以上4%以下的罚款；可以责令停业整顿,降低资质等级；情节严重的,吊销资质证书；有违法所得的,予以没收。
第二十一条 外商投资建筑业企业从事建筑活动,违反《中华人民共和国建筑法》、《中华人民共和国招标投标法》、《建设工程质量管理条例》、《建筑业企业资质管理规定》等有关法律、法规、规章的,依照有关规定处罚。
第五章 附 则
第二十二条 本规定实施前已经取得《外国企业承包工程资质证》的外国企业投资设立外商投资建筑业企业,可以根据其在中华人民共和国境内承包工程业绩等申请相应等级的建筑业企业资质。
根据本条第一款规定已经在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建筑业企业的外国企业,设立新的外商投资建筑业企业,其资质等级按照建筑业企业资质管理规定核定。
第二十三条 香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区投资者在其他省、自治区、直辖市投资设立建筑业企业,从事建筑活动的,参照本规定执行。法律、法规、国务院另有规定的除外。
第二十四条 本规定由国务院建设行政主管部门和国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门按照各自职责负责解释。
第二十五条 本规定自2002年12月1日起施行。
第二十六条 自2003年10月1日起,1994年3月22日建设部颁布的《在中国境内承包工程的外国企业资质管理暂行办法》(建设部令第32号)废止。
第二十七条 自2002年12月1日起,建设部和对外贸易经济合作部联合颁布的《关于设立外商投资建筑业企业的若干规定》(建建〔1995〕533号)废止。
Regulations on Administration of Foreign–Invested Construction Enterprises
The Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People’s Republic of China
Decree No. 113
Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction Enterprises approved respectively at the 63rd Executive Meeting of the Ministry of Construction on 9 September 2002 and at the 10th Ministerial Meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation on 17 September 2002 are now issued and shall go into effect on 1 December 2002.
Minister of the Ministry of Construction: Wang Guangtao
Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation: Shi Guangsheng
27 September 2002
Regulations on Administration of Foreign–Invested Construction Enterprises
Chapter 1 General provisions
Article 1 These Regulations hereof are formulated to further the opening up to the outside and standardise the administration of foreign-invested construction enterprises in accordance with such laws and regulations as the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Tendering and Bidding Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises and the Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Quality.
Article 2 These regulations shall apply to the establishment of foreign–invested construction enterprises within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, the application for construction enterprise qualifications and the administration and supervision of foreign–invested construction enterprises.
The term ‘foreign-invested construction enterprise’ mentioned in these regulations refers to a wholly foreign-owned construction enterprise, or a Sino-foreign equity construction joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperative construction enterprise established within the territory of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with Chinese laws and regulations.
Article 3 A foreign investor, which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction enterprise within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and conduct construction business, shall, in accordance with laws, obtain the approval certificate from the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department and register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce or its authorised administration of industry and commerce at local levels, and the qualification certificate from the relevant construction administration department.
Article 4 Foreign-invested construction enterprises which engage in construction business within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall abide by the laws, regulations and rules of the People’s Republic of China.
The lawful operation of foreign-invested construction enterprises and their legal rights and interests within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be protected by Chinese laws, regulations and rules.
Article 5 The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of the establishment of foreign-invested construction enterprises. The construction administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of the qualifications of foreign–invested construction enterprises.
The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall be responsible for the administration of the establishment of foreign-invested construction enterprises within their authorised jurisdiction; the construction administration departments of the people’s government of the provinces, or autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall, in accordance with these Regulations, be responsible for the administration of qualifications of foreign–invested construction enterprises within their administrative regions.
Chapter 2 Application for and Examination and Approval of Establishment of Foreign–invested Construction Enterprises and their Qualifications
Article 6 The application for and the examination and approval of the establishment of foreign-invested construction enterprises and their qualifications shall be managed by a grading and categorization system.
Where an applicant is to apply to establish a contractor with Super Grade or Grade A qualifications or to establish a specialised contractor with Grade A qualifications, the establishment of the foreign-invested construction enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the State Council; where an applicant is to apply to establish a contractor or a specialised contractor with Grade B or lower qualifications or any of the subcontractor qualifications, the establishment of the foreign–invested construction enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality.
Where the Chinese investor to a proposed Sino-foreign equity construction joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperative construction enterprise is an enterprise administered by the central government, the establishment of the joint venture shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the State Council.
Article 7 The procedures for the establishment of a foreign–invested construction enterprise as a contractor with Super Grade or Grade A qualifications or a specialised contractor with Grade A qualifications are:
(1) The applicant shall submit an application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality where the proposed foreign-invested construction enterprise is to be established.
(2) The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality shall complete the preliminary examination within 30 days of receiving the application, and shall, if it grants the preliminary approval, submit the application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council for further approval.
(3) Within 10 days of receiving the application for further approval, the foreign trade and economic administration department of the State Council shall forward the application to the construction administration department of the State Council for review and comments. The construction administration department of the State Council shall provide its opinion in writing within 30 days of receiving the request. Within 30 days of receiving the response, the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall decide whether or not to approve the application and express such a decision in written form. If the application is approved, a foreign-invested enterprise certificate shall be granted; if the application is not approved, reasons for the disapproval shall be given in written form.
(4) Within 30 days of receiving the approval certificate, the applicant shall register with the relevant registration department.
(5) After obtaining the business license for the legal entity, the application by the foreign-invested construction enterprise for qualification approval shall be conducted in accordance with Regulations on Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications.
Article 8 The procedures for the establishment of a foreign-invested construction enterprise as a contractor or a specialised contractor with Grade B or lower qualifications or any of the subcontractor qualifications shall be administered by the construction administration department and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality based on local conditions with reference to Article 7 of these Regulations and Regulations on Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications.
Examination and approval of qualifications of the foreign-invested construction enterprise by the construction administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality shall be filed with the construction administration department of the State Council within 30 days after the approval is given.
Article 9 The application by a foreign-invested construction enterprise for upgrading its qualifications or adding additional qualifications in addition to major items shall be made to the relevant construction administration department in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 10 An applicant which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction enterprise shall submit the following documents to the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department:
(1) Application forms to establish a foreign-invested construction enterprise signed by the investor’s legal representative;
(2) The feasibility study report prepared or accepted by the investors;
(3) The contract for the establishment of a foreign-invested construction enterprise and the articles of association signed by the investor’s legal representative (only the articles of association is required for the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned construction enterprise);
(4) The notification on pre-verification of the name of the enterprise;
(5) Documentary evidence of legal entity registration and bank credential letter of the investor;
(6) Appointment letters and documentary evidence of the investor’s designated chairman and members of the board of directors, managers and technical managers etc.; and
(7) Balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the investor over the past three years audited by a certified accountant or an accounting firm.
Article 11 The applicant applying for foreign-invested construction enterprise qualifications shall submit the following documents to the relevant construction administration department:
(1) Application forms for the foreign-invested construction enterprise qualifications;
(2) The approval certificate for the establishment of the foreign-invested construction enterprise;
(3) The business licence for the legal entity;
(4) The bank credential letter of the investor;
(5) Appointment letters and documentary evidence of the investor’s designated chairman and members of the board of directors, the enterprise’s financial manager, operations managers and technical managers etc.; and
(6) Balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the investor over the past three years audited by a certified accountant or an accounting firm.
(7) Other documents required
Article 12 The total capital contribution of the Chinese party to a Sino-foreign equity construction joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperative construction enterprise shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital.
Article 13 Qualifications of Sino-foreign equity construction joint ventures and Sino-foreign cooperative construction enterprises established prior to the issuance of these Regulations are required to be re-examined and ratified in accordance with these Regulations and Regulations on Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications.
Article 14 All documents required to be submitted by an applicant under these Regulations shall be in Chinese. If the original documentary evidence is in a foreign language, a Chinese translation shall be provided.
Chapter 3 Scope of Contracting
Article 15 Wholly foreign-owned construction enterprises may only undertake the following types of construction projects within the scope of their qualifications:
(1) Construction projects funded totally by foreign investments, foreign grants or foreign investments and grants;
(2) Construction projects financed by international financial organisations and awarded through international tendering process in accordance with the provisions of the loan agreement;
(3) Sino-foreign jointly constructed projects where the foreign investment is equal to or greater than 50%; Sino-foreign jointly constructed projects where the foreign investment is less than 50% but which Chinese construction enterprises cannot undertake independently due to technical difficulties subject to the approval of the construction administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, or autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities;
(4) China-invested construction projects which Chinese construction enterprises cannot undertake independently due to technical difficulties. Such projects may be jointly undertaken by Chinese and foreign construction enterprises subject to the approval of the construction administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, or autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities.
Article 16 Sino-foreign equity construction joint ventures and Sino-foreign cooperative construction enterprises shall undertake construction projects within the permitted scope of their grades of qualifications.
Chapter 4 Supervision and Administration
Article 17 The criteria of grading of qualifications of foreign-invested construction enterprises shall be in accordance with the criteria of grading of construction enterprise qualifications formulated and issued by the construction administration department of the State Council.
Article 18 Where a foreign-invested construction enterprise undertakes a construction project as the contractor, it shall itself complete the main structure of the project.
Article 19 Where a foreign-invested construction enterprise contracts for construction projects in the form of a consortium with other construction enterprises, the consortium shall contract for projects within the permitted scope of the lower qualification grade.
Article 20 Where a foreign-invested construction enterprise contracts for construction projects beyond the permitted scope of its qualifications in violation of Article 15 of these Regulations, a fine at an amount between 2% to 4% of the construction contract price shall be collected. An order to suspend its business operation and to correct the wrongdoings may also be issued and its qualification certificate may be demoted. In serious situations, the qualification certificate shall be revoked and any proceeds illegally obtained shall be confiscated.
Article 21 Where a foreign-invested construction enterprise carrying out construction business violates the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Tendering and Bidding Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Administration of Engineering Construction Quality and Regulations on Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications and other relevant laws, regulations and rules, it shall be penalised in accordance with relevant provisions.
Chapter 5 Supplemental Provisions
Article 22 For a foreign enterprise which has already obtained a Foreign Enterprise Qualification Certificate for Contracting for Construction Projects prior to these Regulations come into force, it may apply for a construction enterprise qualification of an appropriate grade based on its track record of project contracting within the territory of the People’s Republic of China when establishing a foreign-invested construction enterprise.
Where a foreign enterprise which has already established a foreign invested construction enterprise within the territory of the People’s Republic of China as stated in Paragraph 1 of this Article is to establish a new foreign-invested construction enterprise, the qualification grade of the new foreign-invested construction enterprise shall be determined in accordance with Regulations on Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications.
Article 23 Investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan shall establish construction enterprises and carry out construction businesses in other provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities in accordance with these Regulations, unless it is otherwise provided by laws, regulations or the State Council.
Article 24 The construction administration department of the State Council and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for interpretation of these Regulations in accordance with their respective functions.
Article 25 These Regulations shall come into force on 1 December 2002.
Article 26 The Tentative Measures on Administration of Foreign Enterprise Qualifications for Contracting for Construction Projects Within the Territory of China issued by the Ministry of Construction (Decree No. 32 of the Ministry of Construction) shall be repealed as of 1 October 2003.
Article 27 Provisions on Establishment of Foreign-invested Construction Enterprises (File No. 533, 1995) jointly issued by the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall be repealed as of 1 December 2002.
司法会计的侦查职能
周 伟
司法会计，是指司法机关运用会计专业技术知识及其理论，对涉案单位的财务资料进行检验即查账、提取，发现犯罪线索，搜集、固定、鉴定证据，确认有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪性质的一种技术性法律诉讼活动。
司法会计具有两项基本职能：司法会计鉴定和司法会计侦查。司法会计鉴定是指在刑事诉讼活动中，司法会计人员运用会计专业知识及其理论对送检物进行检验并作出法律结论的一项司法诉讼活动；司法会计侦查则是司法机关运用会计专业知识及其理论，通过对涉案单位财务资料的检验，发现、分析线索，制定侦查方案，提取、审查证据，确认有些犯罪发生及涉嫌犯罪的性质的一种司法侦查活动。
目前，各级检察院普遍地设置了司法会计鉴定人员，并在查处经济犯罪的过程发挥着越来越大的作用。但在办案实践中，办案人员往往只注重了司法会计鉴定的作用，而忽略了其侦查职能的运用。并且有些司法会计鉴定人员原先就是缺乏侦查实践经验的专业会计或审计人员，他们具备会计专业知识，熟悉经济业务及其活动规律，但缺乏必要的侦查意识及犯罪学、侦查学、证据学等学科的相关法律知识。因此，很难胜任司法会计的侦查工作。而充分发挥司法会计的侦查职能，特别是在线索初查及案件突破过程中具有侦查实践的司法会计人员将自身的会计专业技能及侦查技能充分运用，极易在短时间内获取定案证据，提高案件的侦破效率，并为今后的侦查取证工作指明方向、提供线索。
一、司法会计在侦查工作中的作用：
经济犯罪与其它刑事犯罪在客观表象存在很大的差异，经济犯罪大多没有犯罪现场和公开的、可见的犯罪结果。因此，尽管犯罪痕迹大多留存于记录经济活动的会计凭证、账簿以及其它各种会计资料间，如果侦查人员不具备会计专业知识和查账技能，不了解经济事务及其活动规律，也难于取得客观、可靠、全面的财务方面的书证。这就需要司法会计人员充分行使其侦查职能，为案件的突破及侦查取证提供必要的会计专业技能的帮助，从而使我们的办案工作达到事半功倍的效果。
同时，由于经济犯罪的复杂性，以及各行各业财务工作和具体经济业务上的千差万别，在侦办经济犯罪案件中，需要深层次的鉴别和不同角度的认定。从这个意义上说，司法会计鉴定也是侦查取证过程中不可或缺的重要技术工作。但它是司法会计侦查职能的继续或延伸，在侦办经济犯罪案件的诉讼活动中，司法会计鉴定只是对送检物进行会计检验、作出法律评定；司法会计侦查才是获取送检物的根本途径和手段。而送检材料搜集得是否客观、齐备，又直接影响司法会计鉴定人员的最终鉴定结果。
基于上述原因，为有效地揭露和打击经济犯罪，司法会计侦查应当与司法会计鉴定一样，同等重要地列入刑事侦查手段之一。
二、司法会计在侦查工作中的内容
作为揭露和打击经济犯罪的一种重要的技术侦查手段，司法会计侦查职能的一般工作内容及任务是：在侦办经济犯罪案件中，依据法律规定，运用会计专业知识及理论对涉案单位的有关财务资料进行检验，发现、分析线索，搜集审查证据，确定有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪的性质。
1．利用专业方法检验涉案单位的财务资料
我们所查处的利用职务之便的经济犯罪中，绝大多数的犯罪行为人是在运用手中掌握的权力或者利用所掌握的经济业务知识和财务知识的前提下进行的犯罪。犯罪行为人大多有一定的文化素养和处世经验，他们作案前有一定的思想准备，作案后又往往找寻各种借口予以掩盖，因而形成了经济犯罪所特有的隐蔽性和诡秘性。但是，不管他们利用什么借口，采取怎样的手段，其犯罪痕迹仍会留存于记录经济活动的会计凭证、账簿以及其它会计资料中。在侦查过程中，只要了解经济业务及其活动规律，具备会计专业知识，采取行之有效的账务检验方法，经济犯罪也易于揭露。对案发单位有关财务资料的检验，既是侦办经济犯罪案件的一个重要途径，也是司法会计侦查工作的一个重要组成部分。
2．在充分掌握财务资料所反映的信息基础上，运用侦查技能发现、分析线索，制定侦查方案
线索是侦破经济犯罪案件的初始依据和重要途径。如果说线索的发现是司法会计侦查人员对案发单位财务资料进行检验的结果；那么，对线索所做的各种分析则是司法会计侦查人员依据经济活动规律及其业务特点所进行的一项高智能工作。
经济犯罪是行为人不法活动的结果，其活动的实质毕竟也是一种经济活动，因而必然受到经济活动规律以及有关经济管理和财务制度的制约。但无庸讳言，在财务资料的检验中，除少数账务证据能直接证实某一经济犯罪外，绝大多数的检验结果往往只是带有某些疑点，是需要进一步查证的侦查线索。因此，司法会计侦查人员必须依据经济活动规律、案发单位的各项规章制度、财务手续的办理情况等，对获取的线索作因果关系、动机手段、事实过程等诸多方面的分析和假设，而后再依据这些分析和假设，拟定侦查方案。依此，在侦办经济犯罪案件的过程中，自然而然地形成一个循环往复的工作程序：获取、检验涉案单位的财务资料---掌握财务资料所反映的信息——分析信息并作出假设——拟定侦破方案——通过调查取证再获取得线索及信息。最终达到获取定案证据的目的，从而侦破案件。
3．在侦查取证中充分发挥会计专业技能提取、审查证据
依据我国刑事诉讼法的规定，凡是能够证明案件真实情况的一切事实，都是证据。证据是我国刑事诉讼的核心，也是司法会计侦查人员的一项中心工作。
一般说来，司法会计侦查人员提取和审查证据的重点，是在查明事实基础上的账务证据。作为经济活动的记录，账务证据因具有账务后果而大多较为客观、真实、可靠。但账务证据在证明案件事实上，除个别情况外，很少有既单一又直接，能全面地证明案件特定的事实，绝大多数单一账务证据存在证明不全的情况。这是由于任何一项经济活动都有一个过程，财务手续也往往不是一次所能完成的缘故。因此，在案件事实的证明上，既需要账务证据之间的相互印证，也需要收集与之有关的其它证据，以便组成一个完整的证据体系。为使提取的证据符合我国刑事诉讼法的规定，经得起审判实践的检验，司法会计侦查人员必须对每一个收集到的证据进行细致、周密的审查，确认各证据在案件事实证明中的作用和地位，确认证据与证据之间的关系。此外，正如前面已经谈到的，经济犯罪虽然是一种不法活动的结果，但也是一种经济活动。从这个意义上说，犯罪事实过程，也就是该项经济活动的过程。司法会计人员在审查证据时，必须对事实过程作整体审查，以进一步提取证据，为司法会计鉴定提供尽可能齐备的证据材料。
4．运用自身的综合技能，确定有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪的性质
侦查的最终目的，是在查明事实的基础上确定有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪的性质。由于会计专业性较强以及经济事务、犯罪手段的复杂性，在确定有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪的性质上，往往给一般侦查人员带来一定的困难。但对司法会计侦查人员来说，由于兼具会计专业知识和侦查技能，在确定有无犯罪发生和涉嫌犯罪的性质上，恰恰有其独到的长处。司法会计侦查人员通过对财务资料的检验以及发现、分析线索，提取、审查证据，能够为确定有无犯罪发生及涉嫌犯罪的性质提供科学的依据。
综上所述，司法会计侦查除必须具备会计专业知识，熟悉经济业务及其活动规律外，还必须具备犯罪学、侦查学、证据学等多学科以及相关的法律知识。因此，尽快地在各级人民检察院反贪污贿赂局设立司法会计侦查专业人员，对于有效地打击日渐猖獗的经济犯罪，对完善反贪部门的办案机制来说，有着重要的现实意义。
